An EU Horizon 2020 project, grant ID 862030. Coordinated out of Messina University, Italy.
Solar-to-fuel direct conversion devices are a key component to realize a full transition to a renewable-energy based chemistry and energy, but their limits and possibilities are still under large debate. In this review article, we focus on the current density as a fundamental figure of merit to analyse these aspects and to compare different device configurations and types of solar fuels produced from small molecules such as H2O, CO2 and N2. Devices with physical separation of the anodic and cathodic zones, photoelectrochemical-type (PEC) or with a photovoltaic element integrated in an electrochemical cell (PV/EC), are analysed. The physico-chemical mechanisms involved in device operation that affect the current density and relations with device architecture are first discussed. Aspects relevant to device design in relation to practical use are also commented on. Then discussion is moved towards the relevance of these aspects to compare the behaviour in the state-of-the-art of the conversion of these small molecules, with focus on solar fuels from H2O, CO2 and N2 conversion, highligthing the gaps and perspectives of such technologies. The still significant lack of crucial data, notwithstanding the extensive literature on the topic, has to be remarked on, particularly in terms of the need to operate these cells in conjunction with sun concentration (in the 50–100 sun range) which emerges as the necessary direction from this analysis, with consequent aspects in terms of cell and materials design to operate in these conditions. The work provides a guide for the optimisation of the investigated technology and the fixing of their practical limits for large-scale applications.
The DECADE project proposes a new photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) approach for the conversion of CO2 avoiding water oxidation as an anodic reaction to overcome the current limits in the PEC system and to maximize effective energy utilization.
The project partnership has a strong industrial character but comprises top-level scientists in the area and international collaboration with Japan to allow the best possible benchmarking for the novel approach developed.
EU Hydrogen Important Project of Common European Interest, also called IPCEI
https://www.hydrogen4climateaction.eu/ipcei-on-hydrogen
The Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park project is intended to be expanded to a 5 GW capacity
using proton exchange membrane electrolysis
The company did not reveal further technical and financial details on the project.
Mälardalens högskola är projektledare, med Kärrbo prästgård, Solkompaniet och SLU som partners i projektet, som har finansiering från Energimyndigheten.
Vätgas är vår idag vanligaste industrigas i antalet användningsområden. Den används inom många olika sektorer – som råvara i många olika processer för att skapa många olika slutprodukter, som drivmedel, som energibärare för att lagra energi, i vissa fall även under längre tid.
https://www.vatgas.se/2021/04/22/sverige-staller-om-med-hjalp-av-vatgas/
Egypt's largest private solar power plant.
The new Kom Ombo plant will be located less than 20 km from Africa’s biggest solar park, the 1.8 GW Benban complex.
Sveriges äldsta nätanslutna solcellsanläggning fyllde 36 år i oktober 2020
The Australia-Asia PowerLink project (Sun Cable's AAPowerLink)
Proposed project.
It's dwarfed by the proposed project in western Australia.
Tekniska verken i Linköping och Linköpings kommun undersöker nu förutsättningarna för en eventuell anslutning till Nordic Hydrogen Corridor. Kommunen blir därmed den fjärde av åtta städer i landet, som visat intresse för att kvalificera sig som nod i en EU-finansierad vätgaskorridor mellan de nordiska huvudstäderna.
https://intercontinentalenergy.com/announcements/WGEH-PressRelease-20210713.pdf
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The NIST Uncertainty Machine is a web-based software application produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to evaluate the measurement uncertainty associated with a scalar or vectorial output quantity that is a known and explicit function of a set of scalar input quantities for which estimates and evaluations of measurement uncertainty are available.
A Javascript tool to model tandem photocatalytic devices, by Brian Seger, assoc. prof. at DTU.
I first heard about it in a talk by Ib Chorkendorff (PECSYS, 201105).
Search by chemical name or CAS registry number.
By CAS, the American Chemical Society.
Sketch a chemical structure in the browser.
Also has built-in functions for producing Wikipedia ChemBox for the structure (cool!).
This service works as a resolver for different chemical structure identifiers and allows one to convert a given structure identifier into another representation or structure identifier. It can help you identify and find the chemical structure if you have an identifier such as an InChIKey.
Does not seem to work right now, though.
OPSIN is the (open source) standard for parsing IUPAC names.
OPSIN source code is on Github
How interconnections between national grids facilitate more renewable energy generation capacity.
I have Zotero installed on three workstations and one laptop. This informs many of the choices I've made when configuring Zotero.
Preferences -> Advanced -> Config editor
and toggle zotfile.pdfOutline.getToc
from TRUE
to FALSE
(important to not break sync)The Zotero Connector for Firefox handles proxying nicely (just remember to enable it, for Uppsala university use %h.ezproxy.its.uu.se/%p
) and makes the Firefox add-on EZProxy Redirect Foxified redundant.
Zotero's storage folder for PDFs (Zotero calls them "attachments") is set in
Zotero -> Preferences -> Advanced -> Files and Folders -> Data Directory Location
(on Linux, the default location is ~/Zotero
).
This is a very inefficient approach when using Zotero from two or more computers, since the stored PDFs and other attachments can easily occupy tens of gigabytes which will thus occupy that space on each and every computer.
A much better solution would be to move the Zotero attachments directory to a remote filesystem that is accessible from all your computers. Zotero itself does not support this use-case, though. This is exactly the premise of the popular ZotFile plugin.
I rely on it on every day - once configured, it has worked flawlessly for me for years.
Download the latest version of the ZotFile XPI, and install it in Zotero: Tools -> Add-ons Manager -> Install Add-on from File
. Restart Zotero.
Make sure to uncheck the following choices under File Syncing (since ZotFile takes care of it now):
Preferences -> Sync -> Settings -> File Syncing -> Sync attachment files in My Library
Preferences -> Sync -> Settings -> File Syncing -> Sync attachment files in group libraries using Zotero storage
Tools -> ZotFile Preferences -> General Settings -> Location of Files -> Custom Location
and set it to the root of your PDF directory (in my case, /media/bay/taha/chepec/literature/zotero
).Use subfolder defined by
.Tools -> ZotFile Preferences -> Advanced Settings -> [X] Remove special chars from filename
.Tools -> ZotFile Preferences -> Advanced Settings -> Automatically rename new attachments
by setting it to Always rename
.In Zotero's own preferences, go to Advanced
and set your Base directory
to the same directory used for your ZotFile custom location.
If you already have items in your Zotero library, highlight all of them in Zotero's library, and select Manage Attachments -> Rename attachments
. ZotFile should do its magic and rename and relocate your entire library to the directory you have configured.
Once you have done this on one computer, you then need to repeat it over again for you other computers. But a faster way is to simply copy the entire Zotero profile directory from your already-configured computer and overwrite the same folder on your other computer - and presto, all your settings are immediately in place. But beware that any Zotero configuration you had in place will be wiped out by such an operation. You might want to make a backup copy of your original Zotero profile directory first.
Seems something broke with v5.0.101. Downgrading to v5.0.100 has resolved the problem for now.
If you have large documents with long and complex table of contents, you might observe Zotero sync errors: The note "Contents" is too long to sync. Shorten the note and sync again.
This is because ZotFile tries to extract the TOC into a Zotero note during sync, and runs into Zotero's limit of 250 kB per note. The fix is to disable TOC extraction: Preferences -> Advanced -> Config editor
and toggle zotfile.pdfOutline.getToc
from TRUE
to FALSE
.
It seems the issue lies in the Renaming. A number of PDFs are in fact still residing in the Zotero (not ZotFile) data directory, and those are thus not available on our second instance.
The issue is resolved by manually issuing the Rename
command on that file/document.
American Chemical Society announces plans to host a ChemRxiv.